Functional Testing

Functional testing is a method used to verify that a software system meets its functional requirements. This form of testing evaluates each function of the application by providing suitable input and examining the output to ensure it aligns with the expected results.

This type of testing primarily involves black box techniques, focusing not on the source code, but rather on the application's user interface, APIs, database, security, and overall functionality. Functional testing can be conducted manually or through automated methods.

What is Evaluated in Functional Testing?

Functional testing aims to verify the software system's operations, focusing on:

• Mainline functions: Assessing the core activities of the application.
• Basic usability: Ensuring the system is user-friendly and navigable.
• Accessibility: Evaluating the system's accessibility for users.
• Error conditions: Applying tests to identify and properly handle error scenarios, ensuring the system displays appropriate error messages.

Types of Functional Testing

Functional testing encompasses various approaches, including:

• Unit testing: Testing individual components or sections of the software.
• Smoke testing: Initial testing to check if basic functions work correctly.
• User acceptance testing: Confirming the software meets end-user requirements and is ready for deployment.
• Integration testing: Verifying the interfaces and interactions between different parts of the software.
• Regression testing: Ensuring new changes haven't adversely affected existing functionalities.
• Localization: testing the software's adaptation for specific geographic or cultural environments.
• Globalization: Ensuring the software is suitable for global markets.
• Interoperability: Confirming the software works well with other systems or components.